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The research hypothesis is “Students taught through individual instruction will exhibit greater mastery of mathematical concepts than students taught through group instruction.” The null hypothesis, the statement of no relationship between variables, will read “The mean mastery scores (population mean μi) of all students taught by individual instruction will equal the mean mastery scores (population mean μg) of all those taught by group instruction.” H0: μi = μg. In other words, you are positing a relationship between the independent variable (method of instruction) and the dependent variable (mastery of mathematical concepts). The defendant is presumed innocent until sufficient evidence indicates that he or she is not, and the null hypothesis is presumed true until sufficient evidence indicates otherwise.įor example, you might start with the expectation that children will exhibit greater mastery of mathematical concepts through individual instruction than through group instruction.

It is not possible for a prosecutor to prove guilt conclusively, nor can a researcher obtain unequivocal support for a research hypothesis. legal system) must provide sufficient evidence to enable a jury to reject the presumption of innocence beyond reasonable doubt. To establish guilt, the prosecutor (in the U.S.

Testing a null hypothesis is analogous to the prosecutor’s work in a criminal trial. Researchers aim to reject the null hypothesis as they try to show there is a relationship between the variables of the study. If the tests indicate that observed relationships had only a slight probability of occurring by chance, the null hypothesis becomes an unlikely explanation and the researcher rejects it. Statistical tests are used to determine the probability that the null hypothesis is true. It states, “The results of this study could easily have happened by chance.”

What is the point of the null hypothesis? A null hypothesis lets researchers assess whether apparent relationships are genuine or are likely to be a function of chance alone. A researcher may hope to show that after an experimental treatment, two populations will have different means, but the null hypothesis would state that after the treatment the populations’ means will not be different. It is called the null ypothesis because it states that there is no relationship between the variables in the population.Ī null hypothesis states a negation (not the reverse) of what the experimenter expects or predicts. The null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis. You must fi rst state a null hypothesis (symbolized H0) and assess the probability that this null hypothesis is true. It is impossible to test research hypotheses directly. Written by Donald Ary et al in Introduction to Research in Education.

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